I just had this happen to, happened after a few reboots was not like that yesterday. Fix me and re-entering my Insider Account password fixed it.
Same message. I thought because I disabled some update settings in Group Policy, but it is not! I am running Education, activated.
Also same message, I am not on the insider (on this machine), and there is no "fix me" option, just a greyed out "Started Button". I can delete the "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsSelfHost" key and It'll go away for awhile but eventually it returns.
I just did a testinstall with my dutch all in one release and Enterprise + Education don't show the message, now installing Pro. What language are you using? I will download it and do a testinstall.
I had it happen to me too. Search the registry for "Your insider preview build settings need attention" and you can just remove the text.
Anyone receiving the error: do you have HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\DataCollection\AllowTelemetry set?
Yeah, I got this too in one of six upgrades; doesn't seem to have any real effect on anything. My policy on these types of things is to just wait and see, sooner or later a fix usually shows up. If not, well ... it's sort of like that small chip at the bottom corner of my truck's windshield ... I just don't look at it.