Surely you have not been banned or removed (uninstalled) the Edge? And one more question - are You the administrator or user on this pc. One recommendation - make one new account and make it in administrator privileges, then restart and log in with this new account. If everything is the same, then is situation a bit more clear.
Earlier I was on Pro Build 10240, the problem was same - start button and store was not opening up. To solve that problem I upgraded it with Insider ISO, but the problem persists. Then the only way to solve this was a clean install. So that I did and PC activated with digital entitlement. But now I am on enterprise build. My question is, does windows remains activated on Enterprise version? I am using Windows and Office MAK activated, so my concern is if I perform a clean installation I may lose activation of Office and windows.