run windows repair portable from tweaking.com use the preset for permissions. after done usually 45 mins on hdd 25 on ssd.. run media creation tool to upgrade. or u can try enable SMB 1.1 in windows features before u try all this.
after reading all of this it does sound like SAMBA. I've had nightmares about SAMBA. literal nightmares. as the OP you can ask to move this to Win10 forum. those guys don't really look at PC Hardware forum.