I found this topic (transcription and translation) fascinating when studied. My special subject is Organic Chemistry, though. It's easy for me to read organic structures and there is a lot of organic chemistry involved. It's quite impressing that the 'language' of DNA and RNA consists of 4 letters only (C, T, A, G at DNA and C, U, A, G at RNA). A group of three letters build a codon which translates to one particular amino acid. And there is formatting. Usually a 5' cap, a modified guanine at one end and a poly-A-tail at the 3' end. And there is 'data' which later has to be removed after transcription at post transcriptional regulations, the so called Introns have to be spliced out. Here if you want more details about there is a good site The 3 steps of transcription in detail like Initiation, Elongation and Termination and also the translation: https://www.khanacademy.org/science...d-rna-processing/v/molecular-structure-of-rna There are alternatives to vaccines to prevent getting sick. But you are right there are only 2 groups of people. 1: People who have got COVID infection already and 2. People who will get COVID infection This applies to vaccinated people as well. There is a lot of false information and twisted facts, but mostly found at public health authorities. Most twisted and simply false statements: There is no useful and preventive drug except the vaccines. Vaccinated people cannot become infected anymore and do not spread the virus People need a booster vaccine every year. People with natural infection need to have a vaccine later as well.
lol case-sensitive This is exactly the problem. To get vaccinated or not has lead to 2 groups which are being hostile to each others, just like people / groups following a different god or a dogma... The decision should always be made by a rational and personal MEDICAL benefit / risk ratio analyses. And then being accepted by all the people as reasonable decision. Period. This is no religion or something that justifies 2 hostile groups.... But the authorities are adding fuel to the fire by following the interests of big pharma. By that they lie on people...and once people get their number they feel being taken for a ride and they say..like me....f**k you, you can keep your s**te.
It's happening all around the world. You don't say it cause it hurts your hemorrhoids. You've always mocked on people YOU think are stupid, inferior, low IQ, worse in many ways than you. I agree there are conspiracy theories spawned from really crazy ideas. But there are others whose effects and manifestations are palpable. You, like Pinky, think are superior for not adhering to any conspiracy theory cause you feel ashamed, but that's quite stupid. Have fun on this New World Order... Oh wait sorry, New Normality. I don't wanna sound conspiranoid and hurt your feelings.
All great leaders from every country are trying to look how far they can go with the rules they made up, what people will do/react and how they obey. I and my wife didn't get the vaccin, why ? because they made those very fast and rolled it out like idiots. I have the feeling we humans are lab rats these days. Also first they said astrazeneca was a good vaccine, a few week laters it has issues. Same counts for Pfizer and Johnson and Johnson. They also said with pfizer and astrazeneca that 2 vaccines are good for protection, now i read they are "thinking" to give vaccinated people another doses. In our country when you are vaccinated with astrazeneca you can still not go to every party because astrazeneca is only good for 20% protection against the delta virus. If i remember right they said in the past that those vaccines only worked for the first corona virus and didn't protect well at those "upgraded" virus. So why vaccinate people ??? i only hear on the news that the delta virus is here and they don't talk about the "british" "brazilian" or "first wave" virus
The vaccines work for the original strain of covid, since that's what the vaccines were developed for. They need to update the vaccines for the newer strains and that's why they're talking about giving additional "booster" doses in the future. They (the WHO) switched to using Greek letters (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon...) to name the covid variants so as not to stigmatize the nations where the strains were first identified. Alpha started in the UK. Beta is from South Africa. Gamma is from Brazil. Delta is from India.
They only talk about delta here But hey maybe bravo/charlie/echo team .... I mean virus will kick in soon.
There is something fishy, medically reasoned. The so called variants are a 'joke' compared to the mechanism how epitopes are made and an immune response is mounted. Either the vaccines had a low efficacy already to the original Wuhan type or the data is flawed. Actually the variants should not lead to a significant lowering of the efficacy of the vaccine. They are simply not 'different enough.' You should consider that 80% of all humans are getting no or only mild symptoms of COVID-19 and the reason is highly probably a cross-immunity to former human corona viruses which are far more different compared to variants.
Front line doctors at interviews, hosted by Dr Syed. If you think this (accusation of failure and spreading misinformation of authorities) is individual (me), you are wrong. My deep respect to the front-liners. These are the people who save lives of people who got sick by COVID-19 and left alone by the authorities. CDC, NHI, FDA, EMA and by far the WHO! You might want to compare their standpoints and what they are actively doing. Prof. Dr. Joseph Varon (Has done a lot of work in Mexico, too) Prof. Paul Marik Dr. Yogendra Dr. Osgood Dr. Kory And so on. I don't watch the mainstream news, nor do I comply with the official guidelines.
Still, F*&% VACCINES, the world is MUCH BETTER OFF without them!!!! YUCK!!! We all know that no vaccine did any good, EVER - JUST horror of horrors!!!!!! How did we survive the onslaught of all those vaccines I shall never know!?!?!?!
Biology Mrs Nigel Farage Tweeted Anti-vax but happy to inject Botulinum, a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. https://pic.twitter.com/e1TcR0riqL
@Yen: To my understanding, the flu vaccine is modified each year to include protection against what the CDC/WHO predicts will be the 3 or 4 predominate influenza strains for that year. Sometimes they predict accurately and the vaccine is more effective for that year (and vice-versa). That's why I thought the covid vaccines might be modified for the new strains of covid now seen. But you're saying the current covid vaccines offer protection against the new strains? Maybe then the "booster" shots that are being talked about will be the original vaccines, to just help produce *more* antibodies for greater protection? ---- @gorski: lol, so true. Some people happily inject Botox without thought, but are wary of the covid vaccine (that could potentially save their life).
Yes that's right. There is trivalent flu vaccine (contains 3 different flu viruses, usually 2 influenza A and one influenza B) and quadrivalent (contains 2 A and 2 B)... And there are different types of vaccines, also different ways of manufacturing. Some use eggs to grow the virus there, some use cell cultures. Some contain an adjuvant which provokes the immune system for a stronger response. There are: Inactivated live attenuated and recombinant But all them do NOT belong to gene therapeutics as most COVID vaccines!!! You need to predict strains which will become prevalent. The northern hemisphere and the southern. So every 6 months there is a new cocktail. If the prediction fails, you get zero percent effect. The overall rate is not that great anyway....it's a great variety (10 to 60 percent) https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200902/how-effective-is-the-flu-vaccine Why do I think that current covid vaccines have not lost efficacy to the variants? If you compare influenza to SARS-CoV-2 you notice that both are RNA viruses..but Influenza requires haemagglutinin and neuraminidase to infect, whereas SARS-CoV-2 uses S protein. You surely know the notation of influenza virus is like H1N1 haemagglutinin and neuraminidase can get recombined within a host. This means 2 different viruses in one host can result to a new influenza virus. (We know 16H types and 9N types, which can combine...) Secondly The most important difference: SARS-CoV-2 has a proofreading mechanism, which results in a low mutation rate compared to influenza!!! The comparison covid vaccine to Botox is flawed. You @gorski should know it, especially knowing Paracelsus! At Botox we know long term risks, at the vaccines absolutely not. At botox we have data which are still missing at the vaccines. (For instance safety data from 2 years old kids). Info about Botox: https://www.drugs.com/botox.html Besides of that the fatality rates of the vaccines are far greater already. Also the kind of severe adverse events such as myocarditis and thrombosis Applying Botox is no experiment, applying mRNA vaccines is, though.
Yen: When this Covid-19 first started I wanted to research just how effective the annual flu vaccine was to come up with some sort of idea on how effective this new Covid-19 vaccine might be. I realize now that the construction between the yearly flu vaccine and the Covid-19 vaccine is different, but it's interesting to see how low the percentage of effectiveness of the yearly flu vaccine really is. And you just have to wonder whether the effective rate of the current Covid-19 vaccine is really as high as is reported. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/effectiveness-studies.htm .
You can clearly see how it fluctuates. And you can also notice that they speak of Effectiveness, not of efficacy. An other point is how is protection scientifically determined at all. (Getting not sick? Means, no symptoms at all? and so on.....or even PCR negative? Which Ct value and so on....) It should be similar to compare the flu vaccines to the covid vaccines. And always remember the efficacy for EUA of the covid vaccines is calculated by not even reaching 200 infected people. It sounds reasonable to me and I can reason it.....the covid vaccine efficacy is not that high 90+, but unaffected (at least not significantly affected) by the variants...and it also seems their protection could last for a few years. AZ for instance had 62.1% at one study and was bad from the very beginning. They added another study with another dose plan (which is actually not allowed) to get an higher average... I of course update this (my assertion) as soon as I get other news from reliable sources, not from the CDC or WHO who are influenced by vaccine pharma lobbyism... SARS-COV-2 has a proofreader. This means mutations are mostly detected as failure and get repaired. As a result you have a slow mutation rate (one significant mutation bimonthly) compared to other RNA viruses which are known to mutate quickly (flu)....
That's flawed thinking, @Yen! It's not if the C-19 vaccine is "deadly" (on huge numbers any possibility might come up, by your own "logic" when you are assessing C-19 vaccines etc. - who knows why but s**t happens) but how effective it is at preventing serious level of a disease and/or death in general population/large numbers, so serious intervention is not needed and generally Humans can (slowly) start functioning again.... Besides, you must put it into its proper context, medically but also politically, economically and so on... The point is that the health services were not able to cope with sheer numbers of C-19 patients and then everything else suffered, too... "Most C-19 vaccines are gene therapeutics"?!? Really? Have you a chart or something? Source?
I would agree with you IF there aren't alternatives, safe alternatives. IVM has tons of safety data and data about efficacy. It's 84% protective against SARS-Cov-2 when taken once a week. Besides of that it also treats well if gotten sick by COVID-19 and even has benefit at long haul state. Fluvoxamine helps at neurological issues such as brain fog and Budesonide at lung inflammation. There are alternatives but they are systematically suppressed by the authorities. I leave it up to you to figure out why. Maybe they are cheap and would question the vaccine experiment? Or maybe I am a fool and they are right because the alternatives are of no use? FYI: https://www.immunology.org/coronavi...agement-resources/types-vaccines-for-covid-19 Vector virus: mRNA: mRNA and vector virus based vaccines are gene therapeutics by scientific definition. Both are involved in the process of gene expression. mRNA and DNA both belong to the genetic materials. They are genetic info how to make the antigen NOT the antigen itself! Although the source implies that mRNA vaccines are 'more' of a gene therapeutic agent (even named there as genetic vaccines) I stick to my assertion. I would recommend mRNA vaccines over vector vaccines! Why? If you are familiar with the MOA you know that the vector virus has to enter the human cell's nucleus (nucleus=place where human DNA is located) and open up its DNA there for gene expression. This does not apply to mRNA. mRNA is genetic material, yes but stays outside of the nucleus at the cytoplasm / cytosol... The one from Novavax (not jet approved, though) and the Sinopharm, Sinovac and Bharat Biotech vaccines are conventional and do not belong to them. I don't have a problem with that, but people should be told that to take that into account when making a decision to get vaccinated or not. I mean there are lots of people out there who have already a problem with gene manipulated foods such as corn and raise their voices against this tech....but are not aware when taking the vaccine which is even more unknown at this point. Malone himself states that clearly as well.